Field, Michael E. View Citation. Field, M. Geological Survey Open-File Report —, 71 p. Year Published: USGS research on Atlantic coral reef ecosystems Overview Coral reefs are massive, biomineralized structures that protect coastal communities by acting as barriers to hazards such as hurricanes and tsunamis. Kuffner, Ilsa B. Attribution: St. Kuffner, I. Geological Survey Fact Sheet , 2 p. Stock, Jonathan D. Year Published: Coral calcification in a changing ocean Animals and plants that live in the ocean form skeletons and other hard parts by combining calcium ions and carbonate ions to create calcium carbonate.
Year Published: Effects of ocean acidification and sea-level rise on coral reefs U. Yates, K. Effects of ocean acidification and sea-level rise on coral reefs; ; FS; ; Yates, K.
Year Published: Strategic Science for Coral Ecosystems Shallow and deep coral ecosystems are being imperiled by a combination of stressors.
Year Published: Applying New Methods to Diagnose Coral Diseases Coral disease, one of the major causes of reef degradation and coral death, has been increasing worldwide since the s, particularly in the Caribbean.
Kellogg, Christina A. Year Published: Disease of coral and coral reef fishes The Department of the Interior protects sensitive habitats amounting to about 3,, acres of coral reefs and other submerged lands. Date published: April 30, Date published: October 23, USGS study finds most have grown little in years.
Virgin Islands , St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center. Date published: March 29, Date published: January 25, Date published: October 1, Date published: July 22, Date published: September 9, Date published: May 13, Date published: July 10, Date published: March 30, Date published: November 20, Date published: January 4, List Grid.
March 22, A short video on information related to coral reefs and the USGS. April 26, Skip to main content. Contact Us. Local Threats to Coral Reefs Most coral reefs occur in shallow water near shore. Coral reefs face many threats from local sources, including: Physical damage or destruction from coastal development, dredging, quarrying, destructive fishing practices and gear, boat anchors and groundings, and recreational misuse touching or removing corals.
Pollution that originates on land but finds its way into coastal waters. There are many types and sources of pollution from land-based activities, for example: Sedimentation from coastal development, urban stormwater runoff, forestry, and agriculture Sedimentation has been identified as a primary stressor for the existence and recovery of coral species and their habitats. Sediment deposited onto reefs can smother corals and interfere with their ability to feed, grow, and reproduce. Nutrients nitrogen and phosphorous from agricultural and residential fertilizer use, sewage discharges including wastewater treatment plants and septic systems , and animal waste Nutrients are generally recognized as beneficial for marine ecosystems; however, coral reefs are adapted to low nutrient levels; so an excess of nutrients can lead to the growth of algae that blocks sunlight and consumes oxygen corals need for respiration.
This often results in an imbalance affecting the entire ecosystem. Excess nutrients can also support growth of microorganisms, like bacteria and fungi, that can be pathogenic to corals. Pathogens from inadequately treated sewage, stormwater, and runoff from livestock pens Although rare, bacteria and parasites from fecal contamination can cause disease in corals, especially if they are stressed by other environmental conditions.
Coral disease occurs in healthy ecosystems, but the input of pathogen-containing pollution can exacerbate the frequency and intensity of disease outbreaks.
Spread the message. Make a donation. Or update your wardrobe with clothes from our modest but growing selection of sustainably sourced and crafted clothes. The World Counts. Shop Support. Shop Thousands of Verified Sustainable Products. Visit the Arbor Marketplace. Shop Products. This bleaching event was the longest, most widespread, and most destructive on record.
Habitat for Millions About 25 percent of all marine species are found in, on, and around coral reefs, rivaling the biodiversity of tropical rainforests. Additional Fast Facts.
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